Freedom from Want or Career Counseling

Freedom from Want: American Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer

Author: Kathleen G Donohu

In 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt identified "four essential human freedoms." Three of these -- freedom from fear, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion -- had long been understood as defining principles of liberalism. Roosevelt's fourth freedom -- freedom from want -- was not. Indeed, classic liberals had argued that the only way to guarantee this freedom would be through an illiberal redistribution of wealth. In Freedom from Want, Kathleen G. Donohue describes how, between the 1880s and the 1940s, American intellectuals transformed classical liberalism into its modern American counterpart by emphasizing consumers over producers and consumption over production.

Donohue first examines this conceptual shift through the writings of a wide range of late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century social critics -- among them William Graham Sumner, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Richard T. Ely, Edward Bellamy, and Thorstein Veblen -- who rethought not only the negative connotations of consumerism but also the connection between one's right to consume and one's role in the production process. She then turns to the politicization of these ideas beginning with the establishment of a more consumer-oriented liberalism by Walter Lippmann and Walter Weyl and ending in the New Deal era, when this debate evolved from intellectual discourse into public policy with the creation of such bodies as the National Recovery Administration and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration.

Deftly combining intellectual, cultural, and political history, Freedom from Want sheds new light on the ways in which Americans reconceptualized the place of the consumer in society and the implications of theseshifting attitudes for the philosophy ofliberalism and the role of government in safeguarding the material welfare of the people.

New interesting book: Encounters with the Archdruid or Collapse

Career Counseling: A Psychological Approach

Author: Elizabeth B Yost

A much-needed approach to career counseling that integrates traditional techniques with psychological methods of assessment and intervention. The step-by-step methodology applies to all types of clients and can be used successfully by practitioners with diverse professional backgrounds.

Table of Contents:

Preface.
The Authors.
The Process of Career Counseling.
Assessing Client Needs and Establishing Counseling Goals.
Promoting Client Self-Understanding.
Developing and Refining Appropriate Career Alternatives.
Helping Clients Choose Among Career Alternatives.
Overcoming Roadblocks and Solving Problems.
Making Plans.
Beginning the Job Search.
Preparing for Job Interviews.
Resource A: Test Information and Addresses for Tests.
Resource B: Sample Directories.
References.
Index.